Over the past 110 years, the mortality rate has been falling rapidly: in 1900 it was equal to 17.2 ‰, in 1920 it dropped to 13 к, by the 1940s of the last century, as in most developed countries, it reached 10-11 ‰ , and then for 50 years it was stable, without significantly changing, at about 9.5 ‰. In 2000, it was already 8.7 ‰, and at the end of 2010 it dropped to 7.9 ‰ 12. As a result, over a little more than a century, life expectancy at birth has increased by about 30 years – from about 47 (in 1900) to about 77 years at the beginning of the 21st century. Over the past 110 years, infant mortality has sharply decreased (babies under one year of age per 1000 births) from more than 10 ‰ babies at the beginning of the last century to 6.9 ‰ by 2000, and by the end of 2010, the infant mortality rate dropped to 6.1 ‰ 13.
Thus, the natural population growth index in the context of declining birth rates and a simultaneous decrease in mortality decreased at a slower pace than could be expected.
And, of course, the most important factor in population growth in the “country of immigrants”, who played a decisive role in the formation of the nation (becoming the original source of human resources), and today remains immigration regulated by immigration laws. Currently, based on the first decade of this century, immigrants account for about 35% of population growth and the remaining 65% are accounted for by natural growth factors.